{"id":14497,"date":"2023-03-27T15:49:46","date_gmt":"2023-03-27T12:49:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kariyer.net\/ik-blog\/?p=14497"},"modified":"2024-08-12T11:59:07","modified_gmt":"2024-08-12T08:59:07","slug":"emeklilik-sisteminin-kapsami-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kariyer.net\/ik-blog\/emeklilik-sisteminin-kapsami-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Emeklilik sisteminin kapsam\u0131 nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Sosyal g\u00fcvenlik ve emeklilik sisteminin geli\u015fimi \u00fclkenin refah seviyesiyle do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Peki, uygulamadaki emeklilik sisteminin kapsam\u0131 nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kolektif ya\u015fam\u0131n beraberinde getirdi\u011fi risklerin de\u011ferlendirilmesi sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sosyal g\u00fcvenlik yasas\u0131n\u0131n ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 hastal\u0131k, ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k, annelik gibi sebeplerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yitirenlere g\u00fcvence sunulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Sosyal g\u00fcvenlik ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n tarihi insanl\u0131k tarihi kadar eskidir. \u0130lk \u00e7a\u011flarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kaybedenlerin, bir vefa borcu olarak, bak\u0131m sorumlulu\u011funun toplumun geri kalan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcstlenilmesinden bahsedilir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n ailelerinin ya da askerlerin, \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin emeklili\u011fi de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n farkl\u0131 stat\u00fclerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda kurulan Sosyal Sigortalar Kurumu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvenceye alan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir kurumdur. 1999 ve 2008 y\u0131llar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan BES (Bireysel Emeklilik Sigortas\u0131) ise \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara farkl\u0131 bir sistem \u00fczerinden emekli olma olana\u011f\u0131 sunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de emeklilik sistemi yasas\u0131 ne zaman \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Emeklilik yasas\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcrede devlete \u00f6dedikleri primlerin bir fonda tutularak sonras\u0131nda ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara geri \u00f6denmesinden olu\u015fur. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de emeklilik sistemi yasas\u0131 ilk kez 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda konu\u015fulmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O zamana kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu g\u00fcvencesiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n hem maddi hem de manevi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissederken 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonunda \u00e7\u0131kan sosyal g\u00fcvenlik yasas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan emeklilik hakk\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara g\u00fcvence sunmu\u015ftur. Bu konuda ilk kayda de\u011fer d\u00fczenlemenin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih ise i\u015f kanununun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi 1936 y\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczenlemesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fczenleme 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda sosyal haklar\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla devam etmi\u015f, 1965 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sosyal Sigortalar Kurumu kurulmu\u015ftur. 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 4447 say\u0131l\u0131 <strong>99 emeklilik yasas\u0131<\/strong> kanunuyla erkeklere 60, kad\u0131nlara 58 ya\u015f\u0131nda emekli olma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>SSK emeklilik kanunu<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>SSK(Sosyal Sigortalar Kurumu) 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sigortalar\u0131 Kurumu olarak kurulmu\u015ftur. SSK&#8217;dan sonra 1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda T.C. Emekli Sand\u0131\u011f\u0131, 1972 y\u0131l\u0131nda da BA\u011e-KUR&#8217;un kurulmas\u0131yla hem sigortal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar ve kamu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 hem de kendi i\u015flerini yapanlar g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcm sigortalar tek \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131na al\u0131narak 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda SGK (Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Kurumu) ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 5510 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla da t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara ve meslek sahiplerine tek bir sistem \u00fczerinden sigorta takibi yapabilme olana\u011f\u0131 sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>SSK emeklilik kanunu,<\/strong> ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011flanma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen bir kanundur. 5510 say\u0131l\u0131 Sosyal Sigortalar ve Genel Sa\u011fl\u0131k Sigortas\u0131 Kanununa g\u00f6re emekli olmak isteyen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n; sigortal\u0131l\u0131k s\u00fcresi, prim \u00f6deme g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 ve ya\u015f kriterlerini tamamlam\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 gerekir. Ya\u015f kriteri kad\u0131n ve erke\u011fe g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6sterir. Buna g\u00f6re kad\u0131n ve erkeklerde emekli olmak i\u00e7in gerekli ya\u015f, y\u0131l ve prim g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde kademelendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Kad\u0131n sigortal\u0131lar i\u00e7in sigortal\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 tarihe g\u00f6re kademeli emeklilik sistemi hesaplamas\u0131;<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>09.09.1981 ile 23.05.1984 tarihleri aras\u0131 \/ 5 bin g\u00fcn \/ 20 y\u0131l ve 40 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05.1984 ile 23 May\u0131s 1985 tarihleri aras\u0131 \/ 5 bin g\u00fcn \/ 20 y\u0131l ve 41 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05.1985-23.05.1986 tarihleri aras\u0131 \/ 5 bin 75 g\u00fcn \/ 20 y\u0131l ve 42 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05.1986-23.05.1987 tarihleri aras\u0131 \/ 5 bin 150 g\u00fcn \/ 20 y\u0131l ve 43 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05.1987-23.05.1988 tarihleri aras\u0131 \/ 5 bin 225 g\u00fcn \/ 20 y\u0131l ve 44 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05.1988-23.05.1989 tarihleri aras\u0131 \/ 5300 g\u00fcn \/ 20 y\u0131l ve 45 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05.1989-23.05.1990 tarihleri aras\u0131 \/ 5375 g\u00fcn \/ 20 y\u0131l ve 46 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05.1990-23.05.1991 tarihleri aras\u0131 \/ 5450 g\u00fcn \/ 20 y\u0131l ve 47 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05.1991-23.05.1992 tarihleri aras\u0131 \/ 5525 g\u00fcn \/ 20 y\u0131l ve 48 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05.1992-23.05.1993 tarihleri aras\u0131 \/ 5600 g\u00fcn \/ 20 y\u0131l ve 49 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05.1993-23.05.994 tarihleri aras\u0131 \/ 5675 g\u00fcn \/ 20 y\u0131l ve 50 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05.1994-23.05.1995 tarihleri aras\u0131 \/ 5750 g\u00fcn \/ 20 y\u0131l ve 51 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05.1994-23.05.1996 tarihleri aras\u0131 \/ 5825 g\u00fcn \/ 20 y\u0131l ve 52 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05.1996-23.05.1997 tarihleri aras\u0131 \/ 5900 g\u00fcn \/ 20 y\u0131l ve 53 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05.1997-23.05.1998 tarihleri aras\u0131 \/ 5975 g\u00fcn \/ 20 y\u0131l ve 54 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05.1998-23.05.1999 tarihleri aras\u0131 \/ 5975 g\u00fcn \/ 20 y\u0131l ve 55 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>8 Eyl\u00fcl 1999 tarihinde sigortal\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayanlar; 20 y\u0131l, 5975 g\u00fcn ve 56 ya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 doldurarak emekli olmaya hak kazan\u0131rken 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1999 ve 2008 aras\u0131 sigorta ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olanlar\u0131n prim g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 7200 g\u00fcn emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131 ise 58&#8217;dir. 2008 ve sonras\u0131 sigorta ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olanlar da 7 bin 200 g\u00fcn ve 58 ya\u015f \u00fczerinden emekli olurlar.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Erkek sigortal\u0131lar i\u00e7in sigortal\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 tarihe g\u00f6re kademeli emeklilik sistemi hesaplamas\u0131;<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>09 .09 1976-23.05.1979 &#8211; 25 y\u0131l, 5000 g\u00fcn ve 44 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05 1979-23.11.1980- 25 y\u0131l, 5000 g\u00fcn ve 45 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.11.1980 1985-23.05.982 -25 y\u0131l, 5075 g\u00fcn ve 46 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05.1982-23.11.1983-25 y\u0131l, 5150 g\u00fcn ve 47 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.11.1983-23.05.1985 -25 y\u0131l, 5225 g\u00fcn ve 48 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05.1985-23.11.1986 -25 y\u0131l, 5300 g\u00fcn ve 49 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.11.1986-23.05.1988-25 y\u0131l, 5375 g\u00fcn ve 50 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05.1988-23.11.1989 -25 y\u0131l, 5450 g\u00fcn ve 51 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.11.1989-23.05.1991 -25 y\u0131l, 5525 g\u00fcn ve 52 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05.1991-23.11.1992 -25 y\u0131l, 5600 g\u00fcn ve 53 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.11.1992-23.05.1994 -25 y\u0131l, 5675 g\u00fcn ve 54 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05.1994-23.11.1995 -25 y\u0131l, 5750 g\u00fcn ve 55 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.11.1995-23.05.1997 -25 y\u0131l, 5825 g\u00fcn ve 56 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.05.1997-23.11.1998 -25 y\u0131l, 5900 g\u00fcn ve 57 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>24.11.1997-23.05.1998 -25 y\u0131l, 5975 g\u00fcn ve 58 ya\u015f \u015feklindedir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Di\u011fer yandan 23 May\u0131s 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda 15 y\u0131ll\u0131k sigorta s\u00fcresi ve 3600 prim g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 ile birlikte erkekler 55, kad\u0131nlar ise 50 ya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 doldurduklar\u0131nda emekli olmaya hak kazan\u0131rlar. Daha sonra belirtilen \u015fartlar\u0131 yerine getirenler sonraki \u00fc\u00e7er y\u0131l kademeleri ve ya\u015f baz al\u0131narak emekli olmaya hak kazan\u0131rlar. 5510 say\u0131l\u0131 kanuna g\u00f6re 2008 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra sigorta giri\u015fi yapt\u0131ranlarda prim g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 7200 g\u00fcn olarak ayn\u0131 kal\u0131rken emekli olma ya\u015f\u0131 her y\u0131l artmaktad\u0131r. 2048 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise kad\u0131n ve erkek emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fitlenece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>1999 \u00f6ncesi emeklilik sistemi nas\u0131ld\u0131?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n Sosyal Sigortalar Kurumu&#8217;yla sosyal g\u00fcvenceye kavu\u015fmas\u0131yla birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u0131l\u0131, prim g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 ve ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1999 \u00f6ncesi emeklilik yasas\u0131nda ilk emeklilik hesaplamas\u0131 erkekler i\u00e7in 1976 ve \u00f6ncesi, kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in ise 1981 ve \u00f6ncesine dayan\u0131r. Normal \u015fartlarda erkeklerde 25 y\u0131l ve 5000 g\u00fcn, kad\u0131nlarda 20 y\u0131l ve 5000 prim g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 yeterlidir. \u0130lk hesaplamada ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 yoktur. Emekli olmak i\u00e7in sadece prim g\u00fcn ve y\u0131l\u0131 doldurmak yeterlidir. Kad\u0131nlarda 1981, erkeklerde 1979 y\u0131l\u0131nda 38 olan ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 daha sonraki y\u0131llarda kademeli olarak artmaya devam etmi\u015ftir. Sadece ya\u015f y\u00fckselmemi\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u0131l\u0131 ayn\u0131 kal\u0131rken erkeklerde 1980, kad\u0131nlarda 1985 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra prim g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 da artmaya devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>1999 sonras\u0131 emeklilik sisteminin kapsam\u0131 nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>1999 sonras\u0131 Sosyal Sigortalar Kanunu&#8217;na g\u00f6re <strong>emeklilik yasas\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131,<\/strong> ya\u015f, prim g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u0131l\u0131 gibi kriterleri i\u00e7erir. Emeklilik yasas\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131 y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. 1999 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra erkek ve kad\u0131n i\u00e7in 5975 olan prim g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 1999 ve 2008 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 7000 g\u00fcn olarak hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mevcut yasaya g\u00f6re ise;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Erkekler; 25 y\u0131l, 60 ya\u015f, 7200 prim g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Kad\u0131nlar; 20 y\u0131l, 58 ya\u015f ve 7200 prim g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>kriterlerini yerine getirdikleri takdirde emekli olmaya hak kazan\u0131rlar. Bu hesaplamada kullan\u0131lan verilerden biri de sigorta ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihidir.<\/p>\n<p>8 Eyl\u00fcl 1999 ve 30 Nisan 2008 tarihleri aras\u0131nda sigortal\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan kad\u0131n 58 ya\u015f, erkek 60 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve 7000 prim g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra emekli olmaya hak kazan\u0131r. 4500 prim g\u00fcn\u00fc ve 25 y\u0131l sigortal\u0131l\u0131k s\u00fcresini dolduran kad\u0131nlar 58, erkekler 60 ya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 doldurmak kayd\u0131yla emekli olmaya hak kazan\u0131rlar. 2008 y\u0131l\u0131 sonras\u0131 sigortal\u0131 olanlar ise 5510 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunda belirtilen \u015fartlara tabidir.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>3600 g\u00fcn \u00fczerinden emekli olma \u015fartlar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>3600 Emeklilik Kanunu<\/strong> kapsam\u0131nda emekli olmak i\u00e7in sigorta, BA\u011e-KUR, emekli sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 fark etmeksizin sigorta giri\u015f tarihinin 08.09.1999 tarihi ve \u00f6ncesinde olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu tarih ve \u00f6ncesinde sigorta giri\u015fi olmayanlar\u0131n 3600 g\u00fcn \u00fczerinden emekli olabilme \u015fanslar\u0131 yoktur. 3600 g\u00fcn ve 15 y\u0131l\u0131 dolduran kad\u0131n ve erkek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar 3600 g\u00fcn \u00fczerinden emekli olabilirler. Bununla birlikte bu uygulamaya da kademeli ya\u015f \u015fart\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Erkekler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fartlar\u0131 yerine getirdiklerinde <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kariyer.net\/ik-blog\/erken-emekli-olmanin-yollari\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">erken emeklili\u011fe<\/a><\/strong> hak kazan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>05.2002 ve 23.05.2005 tarihleri aras\u0131nda dolduranlar 56 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>05.2005 ve 23.05.2008 tarihleri aras\u0131nda dolduranlar 57 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>05.2008 ve 23.05.2011 tarihleri aras\u0131nda dolduranlar 58 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>05.2011 ve 23.05.2014 tarihleri aras\u0131nda dolduranlar 59 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>05.2014 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra dolduran erkeklere de 60 ya\u015f \u015fart\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in 3600 g\u00fcn ve 15 y\u0131l \u00fczerinden emekli olma ya\u015f\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi kademelendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>05.2002 tarihinden \u00f6nce tamamlayanlar 50 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>05.2002 ve 23.05.2005 tarihleri aras\u0131nda dolduranlar 52 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>05.2005 ve 23.05.2008 tarihleri aras\u0131nda dolduranlar 54 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>05.2008 ve 23.05.2011 tarihleri aras\u0131nda dolduranlar\u0131 56 ya\u015f<\/li>\n<li>05.2011 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra dolduranlara ise 58 ya\u015f\u00a0 \u015fart\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Emekli olmak her \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n hayalidir. Y\u0131llar ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar emeklilik kanunundaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yak\u0131ndan takip ederler. <strong>99 \u00f6ncesi emeklilik yasas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 m\u0131<\/strong> sorusu ise sigorta ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihleri 99 \u00f6ncesi olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131kla sordu\u011fu sorulardand\u0131r. Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Sisteminde yeni yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik 8 Eyl\u00fcl 1999 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6ncesine sigorta giri\u015fi olanlara emekli olma avantaj\u0131 sunar. 1999 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6ncesi sigorta giri\u015fi olanlar 15 y\u0131l ve 3600 g\u00fcn\u00fc doldurduklar\u0131 takdirde ya\u015f haddinden k\u0131smi emekli olmaya hak kazan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p>Yasada istisnalar da s\u00f6z konusudur. 5510 say\u0131s\u0131 yasaya g\u00f6re sigorta ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131 2008 ve 2016 y\u0131llar\u0131na denk gelen kad\u0131nlar 61, erkekler 63 ya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 doldurduklar\u0131nda kademeli olarak artan prim g\u00fcn say\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerinden emekli olmaya hak kazan\u0131rlar. 5 May\u0131s 2008 ile 31 Aral\u0131k 2008 aras\u0131nda sigorta giri\u015fi olanlar\u0131n \u00f6denmi\u015f prim g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 4600 g\u00fcn olmas\u0131 gerekirken 1 Ocak 2016 ve sonras\u0131 i\u00e7in ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlam\u0131\u015f erkek ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n 5400 g\u00fcn prim \u00f6demi\u015f olmalar\u0131 beklenir.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Yeni emeklilik sistemi kimleri kaps\u0131yor?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Sigorta sisteminin zamanla de\u011fi\u015fmesi kademeli emeklili\u011fin uygulanmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n prim g\u00fcn ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 doldurmu\u015f olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen ya\u015f kriterini doldurmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in emeklilik tarihlerinin \u00f6telenmesine sebep olmu\u015ftur. EYT(Emeklilikte Ya\u015fa Tak\u0131lanlar) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f bir ya\u015f bekleyen grubunun olu\u015fmas\u0131 yeni emeklilik yasas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle sigorta ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihleri 8 Eyl\u00fcl 1999 y\u0131l\u0131ndan \u00f6nce olanlar ya\u015f bekledikleri i\u00e7in minimum beklenti olan 7200 prim g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde prim g\u00fcn\u00fcne sahip olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen ya\u015f kriterini dolduramad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in emekli olam\u0131yorlar. <strong>Yeni emeklilik yasas\u0131 nedir sorusu<\/strong> ya\u015f bekleyenler i\u00e7in netle\u015ftirilmesi gereken sorulardan biridir.\u00a0Yeni emeklilik yasas\u0131 prim ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 tamamlam\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen emeklilik ya\u015f kriterini yerine getirmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in emekli olamayanlar\u0131n bekledi\u011fi bir yasad\u0131r. Yeni emeklilik yasas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla sigorta ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 1999 \u00f6ncesi olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar yeni emeklilik yasas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda emekli olabilecek ilk grup. Di\u011fer yandan ya\u015f ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u0131l\u0131 kriteri getirilmesi durumunda 20 y\u0131l ve 48 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 dolduran kad\u0131nlar ve 25 y\u0131l ve 50 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 dolduran erkekler de emeklilik hakk\u0131 kazanacaklar. Ayr\u0131ca prim borcu olanlar\u0131n prim bor\u00e7lanmas\u0131 yaparak emeklili\u011fe hak kazanabilmesi de yeni emeklilik yasas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda konu\u015fulan konulardan.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcndemdeki en \u00f6nemli sorulardan di\u011feri de <strong>yeni emeklilik yasas\u0131 kimleri kaps\u0131yor<\/strong> sorusudur. 1999 ve \u00f6ncesi SSK, BA\u011e-KUR gibi sosyal g\u00fcvencesi ile bir i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayanlar kapsam i\u00e7ine al\u0131n\u0131rken kapsam\u0131n geni\u015fletilebilece\u011finden bahsedilmektedir. Hen\u00fcz netle\u015fmi\u015f bir karar olmasa da kad\u0131nlarda 48, erkeklerde 50 ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan bahsedilirken bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 20 y\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresini tamamlayan kad\u0131nlar ve 25 y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresini tamamlayan erkeklerin de <strong>son emeklilik kanunu<\/strong> kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilebilece\u011finden bahsedilmektedir.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Bireysel emeklilik yasas\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kariyer.net\/ik-blog\/bireysel-emeklilik-sistemi-nedir-avantajlari-nelerdir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bireysel Emeklilik Sigortas\u0131<\/a><\/strong> (BES) olarak da an\u0131lan <strong>Bireysel Emeklilik Yasas\u0131<\/strong> 4632 say\u0131l\u0131 Bireysel Emeklilik Tasarruf ve Yat\u0131r\u0131m Sistemi Kanunu ile y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. BES\u2019in amac\u0131 tasarruflar\u0131n toplanarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi ve belirli bir y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle sistemde kalanlara maa\u015f \u00f6denmesidir. Bu sistem sadece birikim yapmaya y\u00f6nelik olup sa\u011fl\u0131k g\u00fcvencesi yoktur. <strong>Bireysel Emeklilik Kanunu<\/strong> 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Sistemi&#8217;nin tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak devreye girmi\u015ftir. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda devlet katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu sisteme dahil olanlar bir yandan birikim yaparken bir yandan da uzun y\u0131llar sistemde kalarak emeklilik hakk\u0131 kazanmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler. Devlet katk\u0131s\u0131 oranlar\u0131 ise a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sitemde en az 3 y\u0131l kalanlar\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131 devlet katk\u0131s\u0131, hesaplar\u0131ndaki tutar\u0131n %15\u2019i<\/li>\n<li>Minimum 6 y\u0131l katk\u0131 pay\u0131 \u00f6demeye devam edenlerin devlet katk\u0131s\u0131, hesaplar\u0131ndaki tutar\u0131n %35\u2019i<\/li>\n<li>10 y\u0131l boyunca sistemde kalanlar\u0131n devlet katk\u0131s\u0131 oran\u0131, hesaplar\u0131ndaki tutar\u0131n %60\u2019\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>oran\u0131nda hesaplanmaktad\u0131r. Bireysel emeklilik sistemi \u00fczerinden emekli olmaya hak kazananlar yan\u0131nda vefat edenler ve maluliyetlerini belgeleyenler de \u00f6dedikleri tutar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 almaya hak kazan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynaklar:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sgksorusor.com\/sgk-3600-gun-calisarak-nasil-emekli-olunur-350\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1<\/a> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.isvesosyalguvenlik.com\/en-basit-sekliyle-3600-gunle-emekli-olma-sartlari\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2<\/a> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sgk.gov.tr\/Content\/Post\/785eac3b-d260-47b5-8103-ae591b2ac320\/4a-Hizmet-Akdi-ile-Calisanlar-2022-05-13-11-43-08\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3<\/a> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=4632&amp;MevzuatTur=1&amp;MevzuatTertip=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">4<\/a> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/tr\/download\/article-file\/84821\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">5<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- templates\/buttons-placeholder.php -->\n<div class=\"da-reactions-outer TpostID14497\">\n\t    <div class=\"da-reactions-data da-reactions-container-async center\"\n         data-type=\"post\"\n         data-id=\"14497\"\n         id=\"da-reactions-slot-post-14497\">\n        <div class=\"da-reactions-static\">\n\t\t\t<img src=\"https:\/\/www.kariyer.net\/ik-blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/da-reactions\/assets\/dist\/loading.svg\" alt=\"Loading spinner\" width=\"48\" height=\"48\" style=\"width:48px\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sosyal g\u00fcvenlik ve emeklilik sisteminin geli\u015fimi \u00fclkenin refah seviyesiyle do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Peki, uygulamadaki emeklilik sisteminin kapsam\u0131 nedir? Kolektif ya\u015fam\u0131n beraberinde getirdi\u011fi risklerin de\u011ferlendirilmesi sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sosyal g\u00fcvenlik yasas\u0131n\u0131n ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 hastal\u0131k, ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k, annelik gibi sebeplerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yitirenlere g\u00fcvence sunulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Sosyal g\u00fcvenlik ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n tarihi insanl\u0131k tarihi kadar eskidir. \u0130lk \u00e7a\u011flarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kaybedenlerin, bir [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<!-- templates\/buttons-placeholder.php -->\n<div class=\"da-reactions-outer TpostID14497\">\n\t    <div class=\"da-reactions-data da-reactions-container-async center\"\n         data-type=\"post\"\n         data-id=\"14497\"\n         id=\"da-reactions-slot-post-14497\">\n        <div class=\"da-reactions-static\">\n\t\t\t<img src=\"https:\/\/www.kariyer.net\/ik-blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/da-reactions\/assets\/dist\/loading.svg\" alt=\"Loading spinner\" width=\"48\" height=\"48\" style=\"width:48px\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n    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