{"id":2513,"date":"2024-10-25T13:41:59","date_gmt":"2024-10-25T13:41:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kariyer.net\/universite-rehberi-blog\/?p=2513"},"modified":"2024-11-18T18:09:18","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T18:09:18","slug":"obp-sinav-performansini-ne-olcude-etkiliyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kariyer.net\/universite-rehberi-blog\/obp-sinav-performansini-ne-olcude-etkiliyor\/","title":{"rendered":"OBP s\u0131nav performans\u0131n\u0131 ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkiliyor?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

S\u0131nav sisteminin ba\u015ftan beri en tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 konular\u0131ndan biri orta\u00f6\u011fretim ba\u015far\u0131 puan\u0131 (OBP) olmu\u015ftur. OBP her y\u0131l binlerce \u00f6\u011frenciyi s\u0131nav performans\u0131 ile elde etti\u011fi s\u0131ralamadan daha geriye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebiliyor. S\u0131navda iyi bir performans sergileyen \u00f6\u011frencinin diploma notu e\u011fer ayn\u0131 oranda iyi de\u011filse yerle\u015ftirme s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda daha geride yer almas\u0131 sistemin en ele\u015ftirel noktalar\u0131ndan biri. Peki, OBP s\u0131nav performans\u0131n\u0131 ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkiliyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nedir bu OBP sorunu?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Neden bu puan kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r? Hangi oranlarda etkili olmaktad\u0131r? Sistemdeki yeri ve \u00f6nemi nedir? Neden ele\u015ftirilir? T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131 bu yaz\u0131da ele almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orta\u00f6\u011fretim Ba\u015far\u0131 Puan\u0131 (OBP) \u00fcniversite s\u0131navlar\u0131na kat\u0131lan t\u00fcm adaylar\u0131n lisenin 9. s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan 12. s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na kadar yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm okul s\u0131navlar\u0131ndan elde ettikleri notlar\u0131n ve o notlarla hesaplanm\u0131\u015f diploma puan\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcniversiteye yerle\u015ftirme sistemine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f halidir. Daha yal\u0131n bir ifade ile diploma notunun s\u0131nav puanlar\u0131na ilave edilmesi gereken y\u00fczde 60\u2019l\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6SYM bunu do\u011frudan diploma notunu 0,60 katsay\u0131 ile \u00e7arparak hesaplam\u0131yor, dolayl\u0131 bir yol izliyor. T\u00fcm adaylar\u0131n diploma notlar\u0131n\u0131 5 ile \u00e7arparak ve e\u011fer 50 puan alt\u0131nda bir diploma notu varsa, bunu da 50 olarak kabul ederek en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 250 ve en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 500 olacak \u015fekilde bir hesaplama yap\u0131yor. \u0130\u015fte OBP\u2019yi biz 250-500 aras\u0131ndaki bir puan olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her bir aday\u0131n 250-500 aras\u0131nda hesaplanan OBP\u2019si s\u0131nav tamamland\u0131ktan sonra yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmede 3 farkl\u0131 durum i\u00e7in 3 farkl\u0131 katsay\u0131 ile \u00e7arp\u0131larak hesaplan\u0131yor ve hesaplama ile elde edilmi\u015f OBP katk\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131nav puanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine ilave ediliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hesaplamada en yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan OBP katk\u0131s\u0131, OBP olarak hesaplanan de\u011ferin 0,12 ile \u00e7arp\u0131lmas\u0131. Bu birinci durum. \u0130kinci durum ise e\u011fer aday bir meslek liseli ise yani meslek liseli olmaktan kaynakl\u0131 ek puanla girebilece\u011fi lisans ya da \u00f6nlisans programlar\u0131 varsa sadece bu programlara giri\u015fte kullan\u0131lacak ek puanl\u0131 yerle\u015ftirme puan\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak i\u00e7in bu sefer de ayn\u0131 OBP 0,18 ile \u00e7arp\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc durum ise asl\u0131nda yeni bir duruma istinaden de\u011fil \u00f6\u011frencinin bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131l bir y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim program\u0131na yerle\u015fmesi halinde hesaplanacak OBP katsay\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi anlam\u0131na gelen y\u00f6ntem. Bu durumdaki bir aday i\u00e7in 0,12 ile hesaplanmas\u0131 gereken OBP 0,06 ile, 0,18 ile hesaplanmas\u0131 gereken OBP\u2019de 0,09 ile \u00e7arp\u0131larak hesaplan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131daki durumu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r hale getirebilmek i\u00e7in bir \u00f6rnek \u00fczerinden gidelim. S\u0131navda elde etti\u011fin puan 350 olsun. Diploma notunun da 80 oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m. \u00d6nce diploma notun 5 ile \u00e7arp\u0131larak OBP notun 400 olarak hesaplan\u0131yor. E\u011fer bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131l \u00d6SYM taraf\u0131ndan bir y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim program\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmediysen 400 OBP notun 0,12 ile \u00e7arp\u0131larak 350 olan s\u0131nav puan\u0131na ilave ediliyor ve yerle\u015ftirmede kullan\u0131lacak Y-Puan\u0131n hesaplanm\u0131\u015f oluyor. Yani 350 olan s\u0131nav puan\u0131n 48 olarak hesaplanan OBP katk\u0131n ile toplan\u0131yor ve \u00fcniversiteye yerle\u015firken 398 puanla bir programa yerle\u015fmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E\u011fer sen mesleki e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015f ve lise alan\u0131nda ek puanla girebilece\u011fin y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim programlar\u0131 varsa 0,12 katsay\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir de 0,18 ile \u00e7arp\u0131lm\u0131\u015f OBP puan\u0131n yine s\u0131nav puan\u0131na ilave ediliyor ve bu sefer de sadece ek puanla girece\u011fin o programlara giri\u015fte Ek Puanl\u0131 Y-Puan\u0131n hesaplan\u0131p kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Yani 350 puan\u0131n \u00fczerine OBP\u2019den gelen 72 puan ilave ediliyor ve sadece lise alan\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131 niteli\u011findeki bu programlara 422 puanla yerle\u015fme \u015fans\u0131n do\u011fuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E\u011fer sen bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131l bir y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim program\u0131na genel yerle\u015ftirmede ya da ek yerle\u015ftirmede \u00d6SYM\u2019ce yerle\u015ftirildiysen o zaman genel yerle\u015fmede kullanman gereken 48 puanl\u0131k OBP katk\u0131s\u0131ndan 24, 72 olarak alaca\u011f\u0131n ek puan katk\u0131s\u0131ndan ise sadece 36 puan elde edebiliyorsun. S\u0131ralamada 1 puan\u0131n dahi binlerce \u00f6\u011frencinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi bir sistem i\u00e7inde 80 diploma notuyla 24 ya da 36 puan kayb\u0131 ya\u015famak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir s\u0131ralama gerilemesi ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131n anlam\u0131na geliyor. Bu nedenle \u00f6\u011frencilere ‘Yerle\u015fip de kaydolmayaca\u011f\u0131n programlar\u0131 tercih listesinde bulundurma, seneye girece\u011fin s\u0131nav\u0131 da zora sokmu\u015f oluyorsun’ diye tavsiyede bulunuyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir kere yerle\u015fince bu durum ilelebet hep puan kayb\u0131na u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131n anlam\u0131na m\u0131 geliyor?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Elbette de\u011fil. Yerle\u015fti\u011fin y\u0131ldan hemen sonraki y\u0131lda bu sorunu ya\u015f\u0131yorsun, ama araya 2. bir y\u0131l girdi\u011finde tekrar OBP katk\u0131n normale d\u00f6n\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu kayba u\u011framan\u0131n kural\u0131 yerle\u015fmek mi yoksa yerle\u015fip \u00fcniversiteye kaydolmak m\u0131?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sadece yerle\u015fmek bu kay\u0131p i\u00e7in yeter sebep. E\u011fer bir programa yerle\u015ftiysen, o programa ister kay\u0131t yapt\u0131r ister kay\u0131ttan vazge\u00e7 bu sorunu bir sonraki y\u0131l ya\u015famak zorunda kal\u0131yorsun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu teknik ayr\u0131nt\u0131dan sonra \u015fimdi de neden bu puana ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011funu k\u0131saca izah edelim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OBP sistemi asl\u0131nda s\u00fcrece okul puanlar\u0131n\u0131 da dahil etmek anlam\u0131na geliyor. \u00dclkemizde e\u011fitim sisteminin itici g\u00fcc\u00fc ve motivasyon kayna\u011f\u0131 hep s\u0131navlar olunca okul e\u011fitimine ve okul s\u0131navlar\u0131na \u00f6\u011frenciyi kanalize edebilmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir puan asl\u0131nda OBP. Yasa ve y\u00f6netmelikte de yeri olan bir puan. Bu sene sadece s\u0131nav performanslar\u0131n\u0131 kullanal\u0131m OBP\u2019yi kullanmayal\u0131m denebilecek bir puan de\u011fil. Zira kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya oranlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in yasalarda ve y\u00f6netmeliklerde mutlaka de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OBP, s\u0131nav sisteminin ilk kuruldu\u011fu g\u00fcnden beri \u00e7e\u015fitli isimlerle, farkl\u0131 katsay\u0131larla hep olageldi. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte OBP yerine okulun s\u0131nav performans\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kland\u0131r\u0131lan A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k Orta\u00f6\u011fretim Ba\u015far\u0131 Puan\u0131 (AOBP) de kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kland\u0131rma, \u00f6zellikle nitelikli liselerden ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131 engellemeye y\u00f6nelik geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f y\u00f6ntemlerden biriyken, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren bireysel diploma notlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden basit hesaplama y\u00f6ntemine ge\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkemiz liselerinin e\u011fitim niteli\u011fi, \u00f6l\u00e7me, de\u011ferlendirme ve puanlama standartlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dengeli bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. B\u0131rak\u0131n farkl\u0131 okul t\u00fcr\u00fc ve farkl\u0131 illeri ayn\u0131 sokaktaki iki okulda bile standardizasyon sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. \u0130\u015fte OBP\u2019nin en \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan hususlar\u0131ndan biri standardize olmay\u0131 ba\u015faramam\u0131\u015f bu puan\u0131n nispeten standart bir s\u0131nav olan YKS\u2019de nas\u0131l e\u015fit oranda katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ili\u015fkili. Bir fen liseli aday\u0131n 90 diploma notu ile bir yerel ya da meslek liseli aday\u0131n 90 puan\u0131 katk\u0131 olarak ayn\u0131 olsa da performans ve adalet bak\u0131m\u0131ndan denk olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 genel kabul g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2024 y\u0131l\u0131 itibar\u0131yla \u00fclke genelinde s\u0131nava giren \u00f6\u011frencilerin diploma notlar\u0131 ortalamalar\u0131n\u0131n 100 \u00fczerinden 80,64 oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. Oysa ayn\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci profili ortak girdikleri s\u0131nav olan TYT\u2019de sorular\u0131n 100 \u00fczerinden ancak 34,9\u2019unu do\u011fru cevapland\u0131rabildiler. Y\u0131llardan beri net ortalamalar\u0131n\u0131n 100 \u00fczerinden 22-27 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 da biliniyor. Bu durum ya s\u0131navlar\u0131n zorlay\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu ya da okullarda notlar\u0131n fazlaca da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 akla getiriyor. S\u0131navda y\u00fczde 10 ba\u015far\u0131 yakalayamayan baz\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerin 90 diploma notuyla mezun oldu\u011fu bir sistem do\u011fal olarak hep tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131k hale geliyor. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte \u00f6zel liselerin daha y\u00fcksek notlar vererek \u00f6\u011frencilerini mezun etti\u011fi bir s\u00fcre\u00e7, devlet liselerinden mezun adaylar\u0131n kilit ele\u015ftiri noktalar\u0131ndan biriyken bug\u00fcn devlet liselerinin de y\u00fcksek notlarla \u00f6\u011frencileri mezun etti\u011fine \u015fahit oluyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eimdi OBP\u2019nin s\u0131ralamalar\u0131 ne kadar etkiledi\u011fini \u00f6rnek \u00fczerinden a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m<\/strong>…<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

300 TYT puan\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f Anadolu liseli bir aday 2024 s\u0131ralamalar\u0131 itibar\u0131yla bu puanla 417 binlik bir s\u0131ralama elde ediyor. Ayn\u0131 aday\u0131n diploma notunun da 70 oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m. Bu \u00f6\u011frenciye 70 diploma notundan 42 puanl\u0131k bir OBP katk\u0131s\u0131 geldi\u011finde puan\u0131 342\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen s\u0131ralamadaki yeri bir anda 466 bine geriliyor. S\u0131navdan elde etti\u011fi s\u0131ralamay\u0131 koruyabilmesi i\u00e7in bu aday\u0131n diploma notunun 82 olmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diploma notu 95 olan, ama TYT\u2019de 285 puan \u00f6zel liseli bir aday da asl\u0131nda bir \u00f6nceki \u00f6rne\u011fimizle ayn\u0131 yerle\u015ftirme puan\u0131na eri\u015febiliyor. Bu aday 285 TYT puan\u0131yla 537 bininci olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen 95 diploma notuyla 466 bine eri\u015fme ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 yakal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OBP her puan aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 oranda s\u0131ralama sapmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin; 450 puanl\u0131 bir aday i\u00e7in s\u0131ralamay\u0131 koruyan diploma notu 95 iken 400 puanl\u0131 bir aday i\u00e7in 92, 300 puanl\u0131 bir aday i\u00e7in 82, 200 puanl\u0131 bir aday i\u00e7in de 67 diploma notu s\u0131nav s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda aday\u0131 geriye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmemeye yetiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dczerinde bu denli tart\u0131\u015fma olan ve spek\u00fclasyonlara a\u00e7\u0131k bir puan\u0131n yak\u0131n vadede sistemin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 da i\u015fin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 beklemiyoruz. Kariyer yolculu\u011funun diploma notu engeline tak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemiyorsan, bu sorun d\u00fczeltilene kadar okul notlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcksek tutman gerekiyor. <\/p>\n\n

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S\u0131nav sisteminin ba\u015ftan beri en tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 konular\u0131ndan biri orta\u00f6\u011fretim ba\u015far\u0131 puan\u0131 (OBP) olmu\u015ftur. OBP her y\u0131l binlerce \u00f6\u011frenciyi s\u0131nav performans\u0131 ile elde etti\u011fi s\u0131ralamadan daha geriye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebiliyor. S\u0131navda iyi bir performans sergileyen \u00f6\u011frencinin diploma notu e\u011fer ayn\u0131 oranda iyi de\u011filse yerle\u015ftirme s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda daha geride yer almas\u0131 sistemin en ele\u015ftirel noktalar\u0131ndan biri. Peki, OBP s\u0131nav performans\u0131n\u0131 […]<\/p>\n\n

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